Potential of Red Seaweed (Dichotomania obtusata) on Immune Response and Histopathology of Rat Testis Exposed to Nanoplastics

Polystyrene nanoplastics (NP) are often found in aquatic environments. The accumulation of biota such as fish, shrimp, squid, shellfish, etc. can reduce the health humans who consume them. purpose this study was to observe red seaweed’s potential a source antioxidants improving immune system and reproductive rats (Rattus novergicus) exposed nanoplastics. Twenty-five norvegicus) were divided into five groups with various treatments, namely control, negative control (2 µL/kg BW NP), three combined treatments 2 NP varying concentrations seaweed extract (50, 100, 200 mg/kg BW), treated determine levels TNF-α, IFN-γ, histopathology, size, weight testes. results showed that exposure increased cytokines (TNF-α IFN-γ) affected histology size rat Administration BW) could improve cytokine by decreasing IFN-γ repair testicular increasing spermatid number thickness seminiferous tubule epithelium.